The Common View Of Hypnosis Is That It Is An Altered State Of Consciou

The common view of hypnosis is that it is an altered state of consciousness, a trance-like state characterized by intense concentration, extreme relaxation, and high suggestibility. Many who accept this view also believe that hypnosis is the way of accessing the unconscious mind, thereby allowing the recovery of repressed memories, multiple personalities, and even memories of past lives. Since at least the 1960's this view of hypnosis has been seen as a myth by scientifically-minded psychologists, who deny that hypnosis is an altered state which somehow allows the hypnotist to communicate directly with the unconscious mind. There are two distinct, though related, aspects to the mythical view of hypnosis: the myth of the altered state, and the myth of the unconscious mind as a reservoir of repressed memories, numerous personalities, past lives, and for some, mythical insights and occult truths. Thoughts of hypnosis began in the 1970's with an Australian physician Franz Mesmer who would rely heavily on the power of suggestion. Franz's last name is where the term mesmerize came about. Later the term hypnosis emerged through an English surgeon named James Braid. Hypnosis is a Greek word, which means sleep. Braid used it to describe the hypnotic state people would be in after hypnosis. We now know that hypnosis is not sleep, but an altered state of consciousness. Many people believe the hypnosis is mythical and magical. Those supporting the mythical view of hypnosis often cite studies which show that during hypnosis the brain shows electrical changes and that the brain waves under hypnosis differ from those during waking consciousness. There are many problems with the realism of hypnosis. Many people feel that it's brought up upon the troubled people themselves. One clue as to the falsehood of the common view of hypnosis is the fact that it usually occurs under very dramatically different social settings: The showroom, the clinic, the classroom, and the police station. Showroom hypnotists usually work bars and clubs, and their subjects are usually people those idea of a good time is to join dozens of hundreds of others in a place where alcohol is the main social bonding agent. The subjects of clinical hypnotists are usually people with problems who have heard that hypnotherapy works for relieving pain or overcoming an addiction, fear, weight problem, etc. Another group of people who get hypnotized are college students who take psychology classes. Finally, some hypnotic subjects are people who have been victims or witnesses of a crime, but can't remember enough details to help police investigators who encourage them to undergo hypnosis to help them remember. There are many facts that claim that hypnosis is not a reliable tool. Most of what is know about hypnosis, opposed to what is believed, has come from studies on the subject, not the hypnotists. We know that there is a significant correlation between being imaginative and being responsive to hypnosis. We know that those who are fantasy-prone are also likely to make excellent hypnotic subjects. We know that hypnotic subjects are not turned into zombies and are not controlled by their hypnotist. We know that hypnosis does not enhance the accuracy of memory. We know that a person under hypnosis is very suggestible and that memory is easily filled in by imagination and by suggestions made under hypnosis. We know that confabulation is quite common while under hypnosis and that many states do not allow testimony which has been induced by hypnosis because it is intrinsically unreliable. We last know that the greatest predictor of hypnotic responsiveness is what a person believes about hypnos is. Some things that hypnosis is used for are to help you lose weight, quit smoking, find out different things, reincarnation, and many other things. The most controversial is its use in past life regressive therapy. According to its advocates, hypnosis opens a window to the unconscious mind were memories of past lives are stored. How memories of past lives get into the unconscious mind of a person is unknown, but advocates loosely adhere to a doctrine of reincarnation even though a doctrine does not require a belief in either the unconscious mind or memories of past lives. The only evidence that has been reported is

NYC On and Off the Beaten Path Manhattan

NYC On and Off the Beaten Path Manhattan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips NYC is one of the biggest tourist destinations in the world- which makes sense as it’s also one of the biggest cities in the world. In this travel guide we’ll focus on things to do in Manhattan, the most tourist-friendly of the boroughs, with a wide range of option that will appeal to every type of traveller. There are major sights that every NYC tourist has heard of and wants to see...but what about some of the less well-known things to do, eat, and see? In this guide I’ll provide a kind of choose-your-own adventure for things to do in Manhattan: I’ll start with the most well-known Manhattan attractions- a tourist’s â€Å"greatest hits,† if you will. Then I’ll move on to some cool things to do in NYC that aren’t quite so clogged with other tourists but are popular among locals if you’re looking for a bit more of an authentic New York flavor. Last, I’ll hit on what’s really off the beaten path for NYC: the secret places, the obscure, and the weird. This is stuff even most Manhattanites don’t know about. Finally I’ll go over the necessary logistics of a trip to Manhattan: how to get there, how to get around, and where to stay. All the nuts and bolts. By the end of this guide you’ll be prepared for an amazing trip no matter your desired level of adventure, whether it’s for two days or two weeks! What To Do In Manhattan: The Main Attractions There are the most well-known museums, landmarks, and tourist spots in the city. They’re certainly worth seeing, especially if you want to get a feel for the most iconic sites on your first trip to the city. However, be prepared to jostle crowds and wait in long lines. #1: Central Park This sprawling park in the middle of Manhattan has everything from manicured walkways to sprawling woodlands to water features to its own zoo! Notable sites include the reservoir (above the 86th St Transverse), the Bethesda fountain in the middle of the park just north of Terrace Drive, and the Literary walk at the south end of the Mall. Worth hours of exploration, but don’t get caught in the park after dark- it’s not safe. #2: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 5th Ave Housing thousands of years of art and art objects from around the world in a sprawling building on the east edge of Central Park, the Met truly has something for all tastes. See a fully (re)assembled Egyptian temple, Greek and Roman statuary, beautiful Kimono and woodblock prints, and works by Renaissance masters all in one day! Be sure to check out the Costume Institute, on the Museum’s lowest level. The museum is pay-what-you will, although there is a suggested donation. It’s open late on Fridays, until 9 pm. #3: Broadway and Times Square Of course, NYC is known for its stellar Broadway productions- you can catch both trendier productions and long-running classics like the Lion King and The Phantom of the Opera. If you have your heart set on seeing the latest hit show I advise you to check out Time Out’s tips for finding cheap(er) Broadway tickets. If you can’t make it to a show, walking through Times Square at night is practically a production of its own. Flashing lights, tons of tourists, enormous stores and restaurants- it’s gaudy and garish and always packed, but it does have its own kind of iconic magnificence. #4: Empire State Building, 350 5th Ave It seems like every travel guide has the Empire State Building as pretty much item number one for â€Å"Things to Do in Manhattan, NY.† And for good reason- it’s one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks, and the views from the observation deck are breathtaking (assuming the weather cooperates). Be aware that lines are long and tickets are expensive. #5: Grand Central Terminal, 89 E 42nd St This is another truly iconic New York site, and a genuine hub of transit activity. The building is stately and elegant inside and out; marvel too at the commuters who have grown accustomed to its magnificence and race through the terminal head-down to catch their next train. #6: Rockefeller Center, 45 Rockefeller Plaza This massive complex of buildings in Midtown commissioned in the 30s by the uber-rich John D. Rockefeller offers several attractions of interest. In addition to guided tours that highlight the Art Deco architectural features and amazing sculptures, you can go up to the observation deck at the Top of the Rock. A potential advantage over the Empire State Building observatory is that Empire State Building is actually visible from this one. #7: American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St If you’re into taxidermy, dinosaurs, or gemstones you’ll have a field day at the Museum of Natural History. All kinds of curiosities, factoids, and specimens concerning the earth and our universe are to be found in this enormous museum with its famous blue whale suspended from the ceiling in one of the larger galleries. #8: 9/11 Memorial and Museum, 911 Greenwich St This museum and memorial at the site of the former World Trade Center comprises a memorial park and a mostly underground museum with the mementos and stories of the victims. The site has not been without its controversies, but millions have visited since it opened to the public in May 2014. #9: Museum of Modern Art, 11 W 53rd St With six floors of art from the late 1800s and beyond, you can see everything at the MoMA from Monet to Magritte to experimental light and sound installations. The museum has one of the largest collections of modern art in the world. Admission is free on Friday nights; it's always jam-packed. #10: Schwarzman Library, 5th Ave at 42nd St This is the main branch of the New York Public Library. You may well recognize its iconic lion statues and landmark status, but did you know it also has temporary exhibits inside? The exhibits are small but well-curated and often display priceless archival material from notable authors and artists. Additionally, the entire building itself is beautifula veritable temple of books! It’s also adjacent to Bryant Park, an attractively landscaped green space with lots of sitting space- a great place to enjoy nice weather and people-watch after checking out the Library. Cool Things to Do in NYC: Popular With the Locals Once you’ve exhausted (or decided to forgo) some of the top NYC attractions, you might want to turn to some non-touristy things to do in NYC. These are the sites New Yorkers gravitate towards when they have free time to explore the city. Be sure to check out at least one! [ Photo by Claire Whitehouse #1: Riverside Park, Upper West Side Everyone’s heard of Central Parknot so much Riverside Park. A gorgeous hidden gem on the Upper West Side that abuts the Hudson river, Riverside has miles and miles of wooded trails and beautiful views. From May to November, local bar and eatery Ellington opens up a second location in the park (near 106th)- a prime spot for enjoying good weather. brownpau/Flickr. #2: Frick Collection, 1 E 70th St This gallery converted from the former home (and collection) of industrialist Henry Clay Frick is small but mighty, featuring a variety of Old Masters paintings and fine and rare housewares, rugs, and porcelain goods. See it for a glimpse into Old New York; Frick amassed the entire collection himself during his life, and really lived among the fancy furnishings. Teri Tynes/Flickr. #3: The High Line, Chelsea This innovative park is built on an old elevated rail line located in the trendy Chelsea neighborhood. Come for the novelty, stay for the people-watching and great views of the Hudson. Erik Forsberg/Flickr #4: Chelsea Market, 75 9th Ave This food hall used to be an ingredient market for professional cooks and city restaurants. Now it’s more of an upscale food court with almost forty options covering a wide variety of meal and snack options. You might have to eat standing up because of the crowds, but the food’s delicious. miss_millions/Flickr #5: The Cloisters, 99 Margaret Corbin Dr An offshoot of the Met Museum, the Cloisters houses their collection of medieval art in a quasi-monastic setting, complete with medieval-style gardens. Of special note are the unicorn tapestries. Marc Smith/Flickr #6: The Tenement Museum, 103 Orchard St See how most of New York lived in the days of yore- in cramped, unsanitary apartments- in the Tenement Museum, which is dedicated to â€Å"America’s urban immigrant history.† The space, a restored actual tenement building complete with historically accurate living spaces, can be seen by guided tour only. #7: Atwood, 986 2nd Ave For a fancier dining experience, try the Atwood, a trendy rustic-chic restaurant and bar in Midtown East serving upscale twists on lots of typical Americana fare. It’s dim and atmospheric at night (a perfect date spot) and a sweet brunch place during the weekend daytime. Eden, Janine, and Jim/Flickr #8: Joshua Tree, 513 3rd Ave After dark, this sports bar in Murray Hill starts playing old music videos on its screens and it turns into an ‘80s and ‘90s dance party. Expect a rowdy but friendly crowd and lots of singing along! One of the most fun things to do in Manhattan when the sun goes down. the Museum at FIT/Flickr #9: Museum at FIT, 227 W 27th St This free museum affiliated with the Fashion Institute of Technology offers rotating, themed exhibits showcasing their extensive collection of clothes and accessories from all eras. Past exhibition themes include â€Å"Fairy Tale Fashion,† â€Å"A Queer History of Fashion,† and â€Å"Triangle Factory Fire.† If you didn’t quite get your fill at the Met’s Costume Institute, this museum is for you! There really aren’t that many free things to do in Manhattan that aren’t outdoors, which makes this a particular treasure. Katina Rogers/Flickr #10: The Strand Bookshop, 828 Broadway This notable independent bookshop boasts 18 miles of books in their enormous East Village store! They have new, used, and rare books, as well as book-themed gifts and store merchandise with their iconic logo. Unique Things to Do in NYC: Manhattan’s Secret, Interesting, Obscure, Weird, and Adventurous Looking for some places to go in Manhattan that are really off the beaten path? Here are some of NYC’s most interesting and crazy things to do. bettyx113/Flickr #1: Greenacre Park, 217 E 51st St If you want to explore one of the truly secret places in NYC, hunt for one of the city’s tiny parks. Greenacre Park, tucked away in Midtown East, is one of the best. It’s a green oasis with a waterfall and graceful trees that feels like a pocket of fairyland dropped right into the city. Doug Belshaw/Flickr #2: Museum of Sex, 233 5th Ave If you want to talk about sex, baby, the Museum of Sex is for you. It features an extensive collection of ever-changing exhibits addressing all aspects of human sexuality, from the biological to the cultural to the downright pornographic. It’s safe to say that you should leave the kids at home for this one. #3: Dream House, 275 Church St This â€Å"light and sound installation† created by a husband and wife team has gone on in various iterations for over two decades and features droning music and soft, pastel lighting. Visitors are encouraged to stay for hours to become fully immersed in the atmosphere. Some have described it as a spiritual or sacred experience; it’s definitely one of the most unusual things to do in NYC. Note that the Dream House closes for the summer and re-opens in the fall. Tony/Wikimedia Commons #4: Merchant’s House Museum, 29 E 4th St The Merchant’s House was originally built in 1832, and a merchant family (surprise surprise) lived there for over a hundred years. Guided tours of the historical house will show you four floors of lovingly restored 19th-century style rooms- and maybe some ghosts! The Merchant’s House is legendary for its supposed Treadwell family specters, and was even named Manhattan’s most haunted house by the New York Times. Candlelit ghost tours of the house are offered periodically if you’re adventurous and looking for a spooky experience. Joe Wolf/Flickr #5: City Hall Subway Station, Financial District This abandoned subway station was once a beautiful showpiece of rapid transit, but it hasn’t been used in years. Public tours are offered by the New York Transit Museum, if you purchase a museum membership and a tour ticket (this will set you back about a hundred bucks in total). However, some intrepid folks have been known to ride the Brooklyn-bound 6 train to the end of the line (the Brooklyn Bridge stop), duck down to stay hidden when the conductor asks everyone to get off the train, and then sneak a peek at the station when the train is turning around in the old City Hall subway station. If you yourself are an intrepid soul, be aware that this is not actually legal! Eelke/Flickr #6: The New York Earth Room, 141 Wooster St This art installation by Walter De Maria, in place since 1977, is literally a room full of pounds and pounds of dirt in a Soho art gallery. The piece is supposed to be worth over a million dollars. It doesn’t get more â€Å"weird things to do in NYC† than this. #7: New York Academy of Medicine Library, 1216 5th Ave This rare books library maintained by the NYAM is full of an extensive and hugely significant collection of old medical treatises from the 15th century onward. You can make an appointment to see the collection or check out the library’s event programming, which involves lectures and workshops on interdisciplinary humanities-and-medicine topics. Alex Pascual Guardia/Flickr #9: Sleep No More, 530 W 27th St If you’re way over Broadway, try â€Å"Sleep No More,† an interactive production of Macbeth in which everyone in the audience wears a mask. An immersive and exciting theater experience. Melinda/Flickr #9: King’s Carriage House, 251 E 82nd St If afternoon tea is your thing but you don’t want to go somewhere super posh and stuffy like one of the big hotels in midtown, King’s Carriage House is the place to go. With adorably decorated tea wares, an unflappable staff, and a delicious selection of tiny sandwiches and snacks all tucked away in a little house with Old World charm, it’s a genuinely calm and quiet retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city. Just remember to make a reservation so they can be ready for you! Joy/Flickr #10: La Toulousaine, 942 Amsterdam Ave An adorable, unassuming French bakery plopped right into the Upper West side on Amsterdam Ave. The counter service is diffident but it’s worth any trek: La Toulousaine is the best place for a flaky, melt-in-your mouth pain au chocolat this side of the Atlantic. Map of Sites Mentioned See below for a map of all the sites! The Logistics: How to Get There, How to Get Around, Where to Stay Of course, before you can start adventuring around Manhattan, you need to work out the logistics of your trip! How to Get There If you’re on the East Coast, you can take a bus to NYC for cheap. One-way fares from Boston to NYC, for example, can often be as low as ten dollars! Just make sure you’re using a reputable bus company. (You can search bus company safety ratings in the US Department of Transportation’s SAFER system.) A more comfortable but slightly more expensive option is the train. If you buy far enough in advance, for instance, an Amtrak coach fare from Philadelphia to Penn Station, New York, is $39. If you’re too far for train or bus, your only real option is to fly. In terms of airports, Newark, LaGuardia and JFK all have relatively affordable mass transit options to get you into the city, so you can shop around for the best airfare price. You should note, though, that your trip from JFK on the MTA will be more than an hour if you’re staying in Upper Manhattan. How to Get Around NYC is not a car-friendly city; renting a car is much more of a hassle than it’s worth. The most cheap and reliable way to navigate the city is the subway and buses- collectively known as the MTA. Because the MTA does not have free train-to-train transfers unless the stations are connected, it can sometimes be most cost-effective for travelers to get an unlimited pass for the time they are staying in the city instead of paying per fare. A 7-day unlimited pass costs $31. This is your most cost-effective option if you are going to use the MTA 13 or more times during your trip, even if you aren’t staying in the city a full 7 days. NYC-dwellers are often almost comically suspicious of the bus, but don’t avoid it- it’s the best way to get across town! If you need to take a car, Ubers are cheaper than taxis, especially if you do an UberPool and ride with other passengers. Plus you won’t have to deal with the stress associated with hailing cabs in NYC. Watch for price surges, though- for any surge greater than 1.15, a taxi will be cheaper. Where to Stay Hotels in Manhattan are notoriously expensive (think well north of $200 even during relatively non-busy times for national hotel chains like Marriott). If you have your heart set on a hotel in Manhattan but you don’t want to pay too much, you can troll sites like trivago.com for deals or try to visit in the â€Å"off-season† (mid-Jan through March, though of course the weather is also poor this time of year). The city is the busiest (and most expensive!) in the fall, when the weather is particularly lovely. Also, don’t stay near Times Square. Times Square is good for a look if you’ve never been, but it’s noisy, crowded, not close to anything particularly interesting, and NYC-dwellers avoid it like the plague. Hotels there are also more expensive because tourist demand is so high. You’re much better off staying a little (or a lot) uptown or downtown. For cheaper options, you might explore staying in a hostel. Many hostels allow you to book private rooms, which are more expensive than shared rooms but much cheaper than hotels. You will still probably have to share a hallway bathroom, but a good hostel is clean, comfortable, and has free wifi. This is a great option if you are travelling with a group; if you book far enough in advance you should be able to get shared rooms together. Airbnb is another good option, as a private room (or even an entire small apartment!) is often much cheaper than a hotel. If you have access to a kitchen, you’ll also be able to cook for yourself- another great money-saving option in NYC. (But don’t eat all of your meals at home! NYC is a great food town and you should take advantage of it!) Final Thoughts on 30 Things to Do in Manhattan While there’s nothing wrong with hitting some of the major attractions in a place like NYC that’s so full of legendary and fabled spots, it’s also great to see some things most other tourists don’t. So when you plan your trip to Manhattan, it can be more fun- and cheaper!- to go to a few places that won’t be crowded with hundreds of other travelers. If you’re feeling even more adventurous, you might even try going to some spots that Manhattanites have barely heard of!

The commonest form of contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The commonest form of contract law - Essay Example A court of law usually enforces the contract as long the offeree proves that he posted the letter. For the case of Bella, the letter he posted on 25th September 2006, but arrived on 30th September 2006, the contract to purchase the text book became binding immediately he sent the letter of acceptance. It does not matter that the letter was delayed by the post office. On the issue that since the recommended textbook for the course has changed, and Bella does not wish to buy the textbook, this would not apply. Acceptance one made, it cannot be revoked. The moment Bella expressed his acceptance of an offer, that very moment the contract is concluded, and it does not matter whether the acceptance is by word of mouth or even by writing. On the case of Chu who accepted Arun's offer by telephone, his contract became complete when the acceptance was heard by Arun on 30th September 2006. According to the law of contract, there is an exception to the communication of acceptance. A contact is complete only when acceptance is actually communicated to the offeror. But a contract made by telephone is complete only when the acceptance is heard by the offeror. For this case, Chu should not revoke the acceptance on the basis that the book will not be useful since it is not recommended text book in his course. An acceptance once made, it cannot be revoked. On the case of Dilma, who accepted the offer by email sent on 27th September 2006 but read by Arun on 28th September 2006, the contract became binding immediately the email of acceptance was sent. According to law of contract, there is an exception to the communication of acceptance as acceptance made by cable takes effect from the moment of posting is an exception to the general rule, that a contract is complete only when acceptance is actually communicated to the offeror. For this case, Dilma cannot be able to revoke the acceptance since an acceptance made cannot be revoked. Past Consideration is Sufficient Consideration Although consideration must not be past, there are three exceptions to this rule that past consideration is no consideration. The exceptions to this rule are applicable when:- The past consideration consists of services rendered at the express or on legally implied request of the promissor. A relevant case studied on this concept is that of:- Lampleigh vs. Braithwait In this case B, under death sentence, requested L to obtain King's pardon for him, which he did. B subsequently promised to pay 100 to L, which he failed to pay, and pleaded the defence that his promise was based on past consideration. It was held that as the plaintiff performed services as the express request of the defendant, a subsequent T promise to pay would be binding on him. When a debt, the payment of which is barred by statute of limitations, is revived by a fresh promise in writing for example if a creditor does not demand the repayment of the loan from his debtor within six years of the loan hence he cannot enforce his claim in the court in case the debtor refuses to pay. Lastly in the bill of exchange Act that provides that an antecedent debt or liability on the part of the promisor or drawer of the

Harlem Renaissance Poets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Research Paper Example On the one hand, Johnson poem â€Å"Let Me Not Lose My Dream† features her seminal background in Rome, Georgia. The poem carries well recitations of the ancient culture and the need for blacks to take on the challenges of the community, while embracing stoicism. The inclusion of entertaining humor in the literary content was largely impacted by her skills of playing musical instruments and natural history. The creation of the poem was largely influenced by William Starkey Braithwaite work, an author who highlighted the socio-economic and political challenges that minority communities faced in the United States, and the need to remain steadfast in the quest for a free America. Considered to be one of the founding women poets, who based their literature on the new role of African Americans, Johnson’s poem â€Å"Let Me Not Lose My Dream† was laced with a feeling of sadness and optimism that blacks faced in their effort to assume prominence in the society. On the oth er hand, Gwendolyn Bennett was another significant poet of this period. The poet was born in July 1902 in Giddings, Texas. Her parents were Joshua and Maime Bennett. Bennet’s poem â€Å"Heritage† features her life as a young woman in Brooklyn’s Girls High, through her adulthood. The nature of treatment she received was characterized by benignly cold reception from the mainstream white community. Through the poem â€Å"Heritage,† particular practices such as the intellectual capabilities of the blacks during Harlem Renaissance were tolerated without question, and without meticulous thought. The poem highlighted the future role of the blacks, in social and political circles. â€Å"Heritage† is illustrative of a keen intellectual mind, which Bennet summoned during the Harlem Renaissance period to articulate the social change in the American society; that democratic transformation in the society was inevitable, and that art and literary genre had becom e a significant avenue used to communicate the much needed change in the society (Hull 13-15). Despite the significant, but the largely different titles of the two poems, Johnson’s â€Å"Let Me Not Lose My Dream† and Bennet’s â€Å"Heritage,† are two literary works that indicate the need to conserve fruitful society norms of the blacks such as social democracy, fair representation in all aspects of the society and justice for all. Whereas the former poem served to motivate the rising blacks not to be cowed in their effort to assume socio-economic and political significance in the society; the latter holds that not all new developments may yield positive outcomes. The poems by Georgia Douglas Johnson and Gwendolyn Bennett are, thus, illustrative of the enormous skills and resourcefulness that inspired the change empowerment of blacks during the Black Arts Movement. By reexamining the contribution of these poets, one can have a glimpse of delight of the bla cks during Harlem Renaissance, despite the enormous social challenges they faced . Themes present in the two poems Ethnic Pride Featuring the historical Black Arts Movement was an explicit ethnic delight that was captured in the philosophy of the empowerment of the community, who through scholarly work and creation of literature could reverse the pervading ethnic bigotry and traditions to enhance

Council Responsible for Genetics Essay Example for Free

Council Responsible for Genetics Essay The Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG) is a non-profit NGO with a focus on biotechnology , the Council for Responsible Genetics was founded in 1983 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. An early voice concerned about the social and ethical implications of modern genetic technologies, CRG organized a 1985 Congressional Briefing and a 1986 panel of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, both focusing on the potential dangers of genetically engineered biological weapons. Francis Boyle was asked to draft legislation setting limits on the use of genetic engineering, leading to the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989. CRG was the first organization to compile documented cases of genetic discrimination, laying the intellectual groundwork for the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act of 2008 (GINA). The organization created both a Genetic Bill of Rights and a Citizens Guide to Genetically Modified Food. Also notable are CRGs support for the Safe Seeds Campaign (for avoiding gene flow from genetically engineered to non-GE seed) and the organization of a US conference on Forensic DNA Databanks and Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System. In 2010 CRG led a successful campaign to roll back a controversial student genetic testing program at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2011, CRG led a campaign to successfully enact (GINA) in California which extended genetic privacy and non-discrimination protections to life, disability and long term care insurance, mortgages, lending and other areas. The Peoples Petition The Peoples Petition was an online campaign to express support for medical experimentation using animals in the United Kingdom. Within a year of launch the number of signatures exceeded 21,850 and included Tony Blair, the then-serving Prime Minister. By 13 May, the petition had recorded 13,000 signatures. The following day, in the wake of publicity around a number of acts of intimidation by animal rights activists, then British Prime Minister Tony Blair announced in the Sunday Telegraph, that he intended to add his name to the petition. As an unusual move for a serving politician, Blair described his intention as a sign of just how important I believe it is that as many people as possible stand up against the tiny group of extremists threatening medical research and advances in the UK. The petition offered the opportunity for individuals of any age or place of residence to express support for three assertions: * Medical research is essential for developing safe and effective medical and veterinary treatments, requiring some studies using animals. * Where there is no alternative available, medical research using animals should continue in the UK. * People involved in medical research using animals have a right to work and live without fear of intimidation or attack.

A Literature Review Of Travel Behavior Tourism Essay

A Literature Review Of Travel Behavior Tourism Essay Krobeber 1996, cited from Zhong, Zhang, Yang and Guo 2007 develops a related decision making model. Within this model, he claims that the tourist behaviour is determined by three elements: travel perception, travel attitude and travel motivation. He further suggests that there are two level influences. The first level influence of Krobeber (1996, cited from Zhong, Zhang, Yang and Guo 2007) can be affected from internal factors such as personal psychological factor and the second level influence comes from external social factors such as family background or group influence. The main contributions regarding motivation is the Maslows hierarchy of needs model (Maslow 1970), the escape or seek model (Iso-Ahola 1982; Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991) and the push and pull method (Crompton 1979). Mill and Morrison (1985) argues that travel motivations fit into Maslows hierarchical needs namely, physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization. Also they identified two other needs: aesthetics and knowledge. The human needs physiological, safety/security and belonging/love were categorized as tension-reducing, while the self-esteem, self-actualization, acquiring knowledge and aesthetic as inductive arousal-seeking motives (Figure 2.1) Motivation is one of variables that can explain tourist behavior; it is regarded as one of the most important variables (Baloglu and Uysal 1996). There are many of researches assure that travel decision making is best explained and predicted by the push and pull approach include Backman, Backman, Uysal and Sunshine 1995; Baloglu and Uysal 1996; Ercan, Uysal and Yoshioka 2003. Crompton (1979) explains that motivation is a necessary and important force behind all behavior. People travel because they are pushed and pulled to do so by motivational factors (Baloglu and Uysal 1996). Push motivation is related to the decision, whether to go, and pull motivation addresses the question of where to go (Klenosky 2002). Crompton (1979) used unstructured in-depth interviews and explored push motivation and pull motivation, he summarizes that push is socio-psychological motives that activate people to travel and pull is cultural motives that attract people to a particular destination. Traditionally, the push motivations have been thought useful for explaining the desire for travel while the pull motivations have been thought useful for explaining the actual destination choice (Crompton 1979). According to Ross and Iso-Ahola (1991), push motivation can be considered as psychological factor and pull motivation is physical factor. These two factors can influence travel decisions and leisure engagements. Jang and Cai (2002) point that push refers to the internal facto rs that drive individuals to travel and pull is concerned about the external factors that determine where, when, and how they travel. Kim (2008) addresses that the push factor can be considered as to travel by intangible factors such as escape, relax, exploration) and pull factor is to decide destinations by tangible factors such as attractions, facilities. Motivation as one of the most important theories, it is recognized the key of the success of travel market. Iso-Ahola (1982) observes that people take part in various leisure and travel activities due to their own need. Tourist motivation is associated with individuals desires for achieving various purposes through travel (Kim and Beck 2009). Furthermore, studies of tourist motivation can assist destination managers to understand how well the destination characteristics fit the needs of the travelers (Goeldner Ritchie, 2006) and design tourism products and services containing tourist needs. Destination choice and selection 2.3.1 Influential factors to make tourism decision Once the decision made to start tourism, the decision maker is in front of many questions, such like where to travel, whom to travel with and how to travel. In general, this is a process to collect, organize and assess the information (Liu, 2008). 2.3.1.1 Environmental perception Environment perception refers to the tourism information rooted in mind, the old information and collected information. In general, this is the whole impression for the travelling. The potential tourists would be influenced by the environment perception. Though there might be some very significant tourist destinations, the tourists will not go the famous places that have no impression in their mind and perception. That is what we called environmental perception. Environmental perception mainly include first, the popularity of tourist, which is the first impression of the tourism destination, the tourist will neglect other same destinations; second is tourism distance, the influential factor to the decision is the imaginary distance, not the real distance of the destination. The imaginary distance is made of unreal distance, and time cost, money cost, and energy. 2.3.1.2 Principle of maximum benefit Principle of maximum benefit refers to the tourists will get the best enjoyment within certain budget during the tourism. Tourists will think it over before making a decision to travel. The main principles of maximum benefit are: The minimum time on tourism, it means that the decision to travel will be made according to time spending on it, if the time spending is less than a level, then the decision will be made. Tourists are in favor of less time spending on the travelling. Second is the popularity of tourism destination. The tourism destinations with higher popularity are more attractive, and tourists have gained more information though tourism. Meanwhile, the tourism destination, which has different culture, will arouse the interest for tourism. Beside the two factors, there are other influential factors: best tourism destination, proper price and comfortable accommodation. 2.3.1.3 Tourism preference Tourism preference refers to the humans impression based on their characters over the reality. The tourism preference of tourists is influenced by humans personal impression. The tourism preference is decided by personal impression of tourists. Regarding tourism preference, there are three factors to research, including age, occupation and education. 2.3.2 Content of tourism decision Before starting the tourism, the tourists are supposed to make a lot of decisions; any of them will take personal factors and will into consideration besides external factors. For example, they will ask for some suggestions and think about the tourism route and travelling partner. These questions mainly include information channel, decision maker, travelling partners and tourism pattern. 2.3.2.1 Information channel Information channel is the way to obtain and collect the information. With various channel, it is able to obtain the product information, or other users experience of using the products. As the society turns into a information-based ear, the information channel is various, which including networking channel, newspaper, books and magazine, television, internet and tourism institutions and so on. 2.3.2.2 Decision consultant Decision consultant is someone who the tourist will ask for suggestions before starting tourism. Potential tourists will take suggestions into consideration, and then is more likely to ask for others consultation about where to go and how to go. 2.3.2.3 Tourism partners People would like to find partners when go shopping, the same like tourists, many people like to start tourism with partners. According to experts of consumer behavior, they have made further analysis on the relationship between person and his partners in shopping. According to analysis, the shopping partners are intended to provide the suggestions based on their experience on the products and marketing, while the relationship between them is not intimate, such like neighbor, colleague and schoolmates. However, the suggestions might be focusing on the persons characters and personal demand, while relationship between them is intimate, such like family members. Choices from tourism partners are not only a reliable resource, but also the suggestions and advices. 2.3.2.4 Ways of tourism Ways of tourism is focusing on how to reach the destination. In general, there are two ways to travel, first is joining the travelling agency, and another is individual tourism. In this context, it will specify ways of tourism into several aspects, including joining travelling agency, individual tourism depending on maps, companys tourism, communitys tourism, institutions tourism and others. 2.4 The senior travel market 2.4.1 The seniors travel market in oversea For overseas countries, as they started the tourism analysis in an early time, traced from 1980, the understanding towards tourism of the old people is very fruitful (Liu, 2008). It reflects in these aspects: Research on tourism motivation Regarding the research of tourism for the old people, it mainly focuses on tourism motivation and perception. The research has applied many methods, including questionnaire, on-spot survey. The method mainly focuses on the incentive and influential factors. Besides these methods, many other scientific measures have been applied. For example, a survey on the old people in Israel has been made by Aliza Fleischer in 2002. According to the survey, it found that the main influential factors are income and health, also the tourism time is also changing according to age. For the people aged from 55 to 65, they have rising free time and income, which is decisive to the increasing tourism times. For the people aged above 65, as their income and health going down, the tourism time is reducing (Aliza, 2002). Jaesoo et al. (2003) have applied neural network of describing method to estimate the weight of influential factors towards the old peoples tourism. Meanwhile, it applied the non-neural network model to describe the relationship between tourists and tourism products. Anderson and Langmeyer(1982) analyzed the relationship between the old people and tourism. According to survey, tourists aged above 50 prefer tourism or visiting relatives to enjoy themselves. However, tourist aged below 50 prefer out-door activities or other entertainment facility to enjoy themselves Goossens (2000) proposed the model called enjoyment incentive, which is also called model of intention, stimulation and reaction. The model includes the factor of pulling and pushing. Regarding the factor of pushing, it refers to environment, social status, relax and friendship; in respect of the factor of pulling, it refers to the situation of tourism. It emphasized the relationship between pulling and pushing, it considered that these two factors are two sides of a coin, which is closely tied in tourists mind. Crompton and Mckay (1997) pointed out that there are 6 incentives to attend the activities, including experiencing culture, curiosity, return, and balance, social activity with friends, official activity and family activity (Crompton and Mckay, 1997). Research on tourism behavior of the old people Regarding the old people, the research on detailed behavior of tourism is comparatively fewer, mainly focusing on the difference of behavior compared with others. Blazey (1992) has made a research on the relationship of tourism before and after retired, plus the usage of tourism information of the old people. Lewiser Aiken (2001) has pointed out that friendship is a networking, a mental support and a resource of information and entertainment for the old people. Meanwhile, he pointed out that the old people are more reliable to get information from prints, such like newspaper and other magazines. Romsa and Blenman (1989) compared the difference of tourists aged below 50 and above 60 in German; the result is that the tourism time is more flexible for the people aged above 60. Research on tourism market of the old people The research market of the old people played a part in the whole research, mainly focusing on how to attract the old people in tourism market. Charles D ¼Ã… ½Schewe (1985) indicated that the reason to target the old people in tourism market, as they have large potential and sustainable purchasing power. Francis et al. (1988) regarding the rising number of the old people in USA, it trying to find a way to attract them for the tourism industry, and an information channel to help them set up the vacation plan. In general, regarding the tourism behavior of the old people, the features are: the main influential factors are income and health; also time, income, health age will influence the length and time of tourism; the tourism time will be reduce in accordance with the rising age; friendship is an important information resource for tourism; tourism time is flexible; purpose of tourism is for self-enjoyment. 2.4.2 The seniors travel market in China Since 1999, our society became an aged society, the old people was the main part of society, which is also played an important part in the tourism industry. The research of tourism behavior for the old people started from 1990, in this case, the research has been only in the primary step so far. The core of research was the tourism industry of the old people with many results. However, the research of tourism behaviors feature of the old people is very few (Liu, 2008). Research on the old peoples tourism Though the experts have involved in this issue for not a long time, there has some results. Wei (2001) thinks that the tourism incentive of the old people include health, culture, history and recollecting memory. The old people prefer cultural and historical cities, and would like to go travelling with families, friends or fellows. Liu (2005) thinks that the influential factors on the old peoples shopping include friend, culture, economy, mind and heart and commercial environment. According to a research made by Yu (2003), regarding the old people in Jiangxi, they have large demand on health recovery tourism due to the problems in health condition. Their information channel is mainly the traditional advertisement. Their way to go travelling is mainly following the travel agency. They prefer cultural and historical cities and spend less than average level. Wang (1999) argues that the old people are in a pure shopping stage which is very rational and have high requirement on quality of the products than others. Casual consumption and service consumption takes big proportion. According to an analysis regarding the old peoples tourism industry in Taiyuan made by Zhang (2006), the travelling rate is higher for male than female, especially among the people aged from 60-65. The tourism purposes are mainly for sightseeing, self-enjoyment and recollecting memories; the shopping level are middle level, and the tourism time are seldom in peak season. A survey regarding the tourisms of the old people in Shanghai, the rate of tourism is high with moderate time. The purposes of tourism are mainly sightseeing and for health recovery which is very traditional. They spend money very carefully and will choose to follow the travel agency. They prefer transportation of bus and train. The distance of tourism mainly focuses on short or medium long. They prefer natural environment (Hou, Yin and Chen, 2005). Also a survey regarding the old people in Fuzhou, the rate of tourism is divided into two extreme levels, high and low; the spending time of tourism is estimated to reach one week. The purposes of tourism are for sightseeing, health recovery or visiting relatives. They paid much attention on comfort, security and seldom ask for luxury accommodations. The transportation is mainly bus or train. They prefer travelling with partners and fewer will follow the travel agency. Security concern is the main obstacle for tourism (Tang, 2001). According to an analysis regarding the old people of Chongqing in tourism industry, sports tourism has the same purposes with common tourism; the purposes are for health condition, entertainment and health recovery. The information channel is mainly from company and relatives. They prefer individual travelling. The old people held a prudential attitude towards shopping. Male is the majority to attend sports tourism. The rate of tourism is low for people aged above 65 (Yang, 2003). The main research methods are questionnaire and interview. The research of the old peoples tourism behavior focuses on the incentive and preference, travelling method, transportation, information channel and spending cost. The features of the old peoples behavior are based on demography and influential factors of tourism behavior. Research on tourism industry of the old people In the domestic research, the feature of the old peoples tourism market, feasibility and expansion strategy plays a big part. According to Li (2005), regarding the old people, there are 6 features in tourism industry, such like enjoyment and prefer travelling at off-season. Li (2001) has made an analysis on the old peoples feasibility in tourism industry, which including factors of purchasing power, incentive, purpose, time and health condition. Xu and Chen (2001) proposed that it needs to focus on these factors to explore the tourism market of the old people, including research, products strategy, channel strategy and other promotions. The research on the old people in tourism industry is mature, which has reached an agreement on features on the old people in tourism industry, feasibility, and development research and mature strategy. These results are significant to the following research. However, these researches are limited due to lack of on-spot examination (Liu, 2008). In summary, features of the old people in tourism industry are as follows: the purposes are for self-enjoyment, sightseeing and health recovery; natural scenery and historical sites are attractive; travel time is seldom in peak season; health condition is better than before, and is able to attend some not-so-tough tourism; relatives and friends are the main information channel; joining travelling agency is the main way to tourism; prefer the tourism with family, friends and fellows; holding a prudential attitude towards travelling; taking bus and train as the main transportation with high requirements on travelling safety. 2.4.3 Researched the Nanjing seniors travel market Consumers demand will trigger him to shopping and decide his shoppings way. After entering into the old age, a person has changed psychically with rich experiences in life and consumption. Their consumption behavior is different with other ages, which is very specific and characteristic. This special consumption characteristic could be found in tourism motivation, time, manner and destination preference and other relative aspects. Research on behavior of the aged in tourism will contribute to better understanding to their demand and will help the expansion of tourism industry for the aged (Wei, no date supplied). Wei (no date supplied) has researched the Nanjing seniors travel market and analysis several behaviors below: 2.4.3.1 Tourism motivation Nostalgia For the aged, they have a very memorable time in the past. Though after years, they are willing to go back to the place where they have lived, or talk with the old friends to remind the old time. Loneliness Generally the aged have more free time, and most of their sons and daughters live without them. Their sons and daughters are busy at work, has little time to take care parents. What they can do is to visit parents home on weekend and have some small talk. However, for those who work in other cities, they cannot be with their parents. In this case, many old people feel lost and lonely. Therefore, tourism is able to satisfy their life and attract their attention. Increasing knowledge For many old people, they only heard the names of some famous tourism destination, but due to various reasons, there is no chance to go there. Many old people want to go travelling while the health condition and economy allow, they want to feel and know the prospect of the outside world. Health and entertainment The life of old people is focusing on family and health from previous work. They choose to work out through tourism and entertainment, to go to the natures, for more fresh air, or to live in suburb place. Many obedient children will arrange family tourism; some will drive their car and bring parents together to go on a short tourism to peripheral area. In the tourism, the old people will have a lot of fun. Tourism time Due to health limitation, the old people are not willing to go travelling in winter or summer. They prefer spring or autumn, mainly in May, June, September, November (Wang, 2003). Because this period has proper temperature and humidity, it is good for travel, especially for the aged. Due to limited budget and other reasons, generally the old people are not willing to take a long trip, they prefer short or not-long trip. They want to spend a certain time, such like one week. Tourism manner In general, the old people need stability and security in the tourism, and ask for relax, freedom, comfort, and leisure. Most old people will choose to follow travelling agency. For the old people ¼Ã…’their energy is weaker than other young tourists. Also, they want to enjoy their no matter vacation or rest, they want to fully satisfy their demand for fun, and do not want to pay much attention for accommodations. They prefer joining travel agency for the convenience. Tourism destination According to survey, the purpose of tourism of the old people is mainly for the natural prospect. The tourism with purpose of health is more than pure tourism. It signified that due to the health condition, the old people have more demand in healthy tourism. The tourism destination is closely tied with the age of tourism. The elder tourists prefer cultural destination. For the old tourist, they prefer famous mountain scenery and places of interest, especially natural scenery and revolution scenic spot (Qiu, 2006). As people have different taste to their choice, the old people have their own choice in tourism. However, no matter where to go, they will take security and convenience into consideration. In general, they prefer some places with good environment, or famous cultural cities, religion places, and places with folk custom. Also they like the destinations with slow living rhythm, longstanding culture and high status in history. Tourism expense The old tourists are mainly frugal and holding an economical attitude, requiring comfort and security. They ask little about luxury life. Their consumption awareness mainly is practical and economical. Though the consumption price is rising, too higher price will stop their consumption. Meanwhile, the fee is mostly paid by the old peoples children; and they do not want their children to pay a big bill. They prefer economical tourism. According to survey, there are 17% old people are in well-off economy condition with rising demand for tourism, however, another 70% old people who has requirement for tourism but they need the economical one (Liu, 2007). As the old people get retired, they have plenty of time. Generally speaking, the old people are a group who spend longest time in tourism, with an average day of 10.3, which keeps rising (Hu, 2002). As the old people have more time to travel, they will spend more in entertainment and accommodation. Especially they have significant potential in shopping. 2.5 Hypotheses According to Valerie (1997), setting up and testing a hypothesis is an essential part of statistical inference. In order to create a test of a hypothesis, the starting point is to present a theory that is either believed to be true or is intended to be used as the basis for an argument. The aim of using a hypothesis here is to investigate the real perceived impact of the tourism industry in Huairou. Generally speaking, a hypothesis is a type of prediction which will not always turn out to be accurate, depending on the facts of the particular case. So, all of the predictions must be tested and proven (or disproved) using data analysis and/or further investigation. The hypotheses are based on a review of the prior literature, and the hypotheses have two parts.

What Is Social Anxiety Disorder?

i. Introduction Social Anxiety is a worldwide disorder that can affect anyone, no matter what ethnicity or gender they are. Social anxiety is an intense fear of social situations, especially when you are being judged or watched by others. Such as presentations, being the center of attention, public speaking, making phone calls or eating and drinking in front of others. I chose to study this topic because I find it interesting how certain social situations can cause fear in people.Also, I show some symptoms of having social anxiety and I wish to learn more about this topic. Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. It is defined as the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. It is the fear and anxiety of being judged and evaluated negatively by other people or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or ridicule. This leads to feelings of inadequacy, self-consciousness, and depression. The person with social anxiety disorder may beli eve that all eyes are on him/her at all times.Social situations that provoke social anxiety are eating or drinking in front of others, being the center of attention, public speaking, presentations, talking on the telephone and asking questions. People with this disorder will do whatever it takes to avoid social situations. The symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder are extreme self-consciousness, immense fear of being judged or watched, nausea, rapid heartbeat, sweating and trembling. ii. Overview There are many different perceptions about people with social anxiety. Statistics show that this disorder is the third largest mental disability in the world and can affect 19. million Americans at any time. Even though it can occur at any time in people’s lives, it happens most often in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Statistics also show that women are more likely to get diagnosed with Social Anxiety, than men. People who do have it are often seen by others as just being shy, u neasy or quiet. The people who are diagnosed with social anxiety may be conflicted by these perceptions, so they may fail to seek treatment. The problem is generally unheard and they may think that they are the only ones who suffer from it.People who do seek treatment are often misdiagnosed and labeled as â€Å"personality disorder† or â€Å"manic depressive. † This is because social anxiety is not well understood by the general public, or medical or health care professionals. Those with the disorder usually know that their anxiety, thoughts, and fears are irrational. They realize that it is angst and terror that they are experiencing. They know that people around them are not really judging them or evaluating them. They understand that everyone is not out to degrade or embarrass them.But despite this logical knowledge and sense, they still continue to feel and believe differently, which causes thoughts and symptoms of anxiety usually persist with no indication of goin g away. People with social anxiety may usually experience extreme distress in some of these situations: when they are being introduced to other people, being teased or criticized, being the center of attention or meeting important people or authoritative people. Or by being watched while doing something, announcing something in a public situation and getting embarrassed easily.Social anxiety may be selective. A person may have an extreme fear of one occasion, such as public speaking, but be perfectly comfortable in any other situation. People with a social phobia are nervous, anxious, and afraid about many social situations. Simply attending a business meeting or going to a party can be highly nerve wracking and intimidating. Although people with social anxiety want to be social with everyone else, their anxiety about not doing well in public is strong and hinders their efforts. They freeze up when they meet new people. ii. What Causes Social Anxiety Disorder? What Are The Symptoms? Knowing the exact causes of social anxiety is still an ongoing research and there is no single known cause. However, there are environmental and psychological factors that will play a role in its development. This development of this disorder can be from a humiliating experience the patient has experienced in the past. People diagnosed with social anxiety may have developed this disorder by seeing what has happened to someone else when that person has been embarrassed.As mentioned before, there are also emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms of social anxiety. Emotional symptoms can range from fearing that other people will notice that you’re nervous, to worrying for days or weeks prior to a social situation. Physical symptoms are nausea, sweating, rapid heartbeat, feeling faint, trembling and shaking. The behavioral symptoms are avoiding any type of social situation to an extent where it disrupts your life and hiding â€Å"behind the scenes† to escape from being noticed. iv. Treatment for Social Anxiety DisorderTwo types of treatment may be used to help patients suffering from social anxiety. A certain type of therapy can be used, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and it has proved to be effective in most cases. Medication is also useful in treatment. Antidepressant, such as MAOI’s, in contrast with CBT, is the most beneficial. Benzodiazepines like Xanax, Valium and Ativan are prescribed to people who have social anxiety to treat it. But research has shown that if the two treatments are not used together, success is only temporary.Also, treatment must include a therapist and an active behavioral therapy group. Group therapy for social anxiety use CBT techniques includes role-playing and training of social skills. This group therapy uses acting or mock interviews to work on the social situations that will make you anxious. The most important steps in defeating social anxiety disorder is understanding, becoming aware of the problem, and c ommitting to go through all treatments, including therapy. v. Conclusion I learned that Social Anxiety Disorder can affect millions of people at any given time.I think I show signs of Social Anxiety Disorder because during social situations, such as presenting, I show the symptoms. I get anxious, shaky, nervous and rapid heartbeats. In my opinion, this is probably one of the worst mental disorders that someone can have, because it is so misunderstood and misdiagnosed. What makes the situation even more difficult is the fact that the disorder does not just come and go like other disorders. A person is faced with it every day of their life, every time they have to go out anywhere or are put in a situation where others are involved.They have to deal with this all the time, until they are treated. Unfortunately, most people do not know that they have it. Without some kind of formal education, knowledge, or treatment, social anxiety continues to ruin their lives. And if they finally do t ry to seek help, chances are that they will not find. This is the reality for 19. 2 million Americans, but yet there is very little being done in the way of trying to help them realize that they are not just shy or introverted, they really have a problem. REFERENCES Websites: Stein MB, Stein DJ. Social anxiety disorder.Lancet. 2008;371:1115-1125 – (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001953/) Jaffe-Gil, Ellen, M. A. ; Smith, Melinda, M. A. -www. helpguide. org ;(http://www. helpguide. org/mental/social_anxiety_support_symptom_causes_treatment. htm) www. nimnh. nih. gove/index. shtml (http://www. nimh. nih. gov/health/publications/social-phobia-social-anxiety-disorder-always-embarrassed/what-is-social-phobia. shtml) www. wikipedia. org (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_anxiety  ) www. webmd. com (http://www. webmd. com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder)

Festival: Chinese New Year and Tangy Pineapple Tart Essay

Malaysia is a land known of its multicultural and the diversity of religions. As this country is made up of different races, the people of Malaysia inevitably celebrates a variety of festivals. To the Chinese, the most important festival is the Chinese New Year, which usually falls on the month of January or February. Before the festival, throngs of shoppers head for shops in search of mandarin oranges, new year tit bits, new clothes, plants like bamboos, money plants or little kumquat trees that bear the prosperous meaning. Some families even get together to bake and prepare the new year delicacies like the yummy and tangy pineapple tart, almond cookies and so on. The Chinese also make it a point to settle all debts before the new year begins as it symbolizes bad luck to bring forward debts from the past. On the eve of the new year, family members get together for a special reunion dinner. Younger unmarried members of the families receive red packets containing money when they go around visiting friends and relatives. The Muslims celebrate Hari Raya Puasa which marks the end of the Muslim month of fasting. The festival begins with prayers at the mosque early in the morning. Some people visit the cemetery to pray for family members who have departed. After that, there are visits to relative’s house and feasts. The most popular dish during this time will be the ketupat which is made from rice, chicken or beef rendang, a dish that is cooked with a lot of coconut milk. Green packets containing money will also be distributed during this festival. Deepavali or the festival of lights is celebrated by the Hindus. Homes of Hindus are decorated with little colorful lamps which symbolize the victory of good over evil. On this auspicious day, Hindus dress in new clothes will go to the temple in the morning to pray. Then, they either visit their friends or invite friends over to their homes for feast. These festivals of different races have opened up chances for Malaysians to know and understand the cultures of others. This situation will definitely build up the spirit of unity among the people in this fortunate land.

Table of mRNA Codons and Properties of the Genetic Code

Table of mRNA Codons and Properties of the Genetic Code This is a table of mRNA codons for the amino acids and a description of the properties of the genetic code. Genetic Code Properties There is no ambiguity in the genetic code. This means each triplet codes for only one amino acid.The genetic code is degenerate, which means there is more than one triplet code for many of the amino acids. Methionine and tryptophan each are coded by just one triplet. Arginine, leucine, and serine each are coded by six triplets. The other 15 amino acids are coded by two, three, and four triplets.There are 61 triplet codes for amino acids. Three other triplets (UAA, UAG, and UGA) are stop sequences. The stop sequences signal chain termination, telling the cellular machinery to stop synthesizing a protein.The degeneracy of the code for the amino acids coded by two, three, and four triplets is only in the last base of the triplet code. As an example, glycine is coded by GGU, GGA, GGG, and GGC.Experimental evidence indicates the genetic code is universal for all organisms on Earth. Viruses, bacteria, plants, and animals all use the same genetic code to form proteins from RNA. Table of mRNA Codons and Amino Acids mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid mRNA Amino Acid UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr UGU Cys UUC Phe UCC Ser UAC Tyr UGC Cys UUA Leu UCA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop UUG Leu UCG Ser UAG Stop UGG Trp - - - - - - - - CUU Leu CCU Pro CAU His CGU Arg CUC Leu CCC Pro CAC His CGC Arg CUA Leu CCA Pro CAA Gln CGA Arg CUG Leu CCG Pro CAG Gln CGG Arg - - - - - - - - AUU Ile ACU Thr AAU Asn AGU Ser AUC Ile ACC Thr AAC Asn AGC Ser AUA Ile ACA Thr AAA Lys AGA Arg AUG Met ACG Thr AAG Lys AGG Arg - - - - - - - - GUU Val GCU Ala GAU Asp GGU Gly GUC Val GCC Ala GAC Asp GGC Gly GUA Val GCA Ala GAA Glu GGA Gly GUG Val GCG Ala GAG Glu GGG Gly

Is 268 Jefferson County School System Example

Is 268 Jefferson County School System Example Is 268 Jefferson County School System – Coursework Example Jefferson County School System Case Study Initially, software development involved programmers designing s to facilitate a procedure/program or to solve a problem. This however changed when systems became so big and complex for individual to develop and maintain them. Therefore, a team of specialists like programmers, architects, testers, analysts and users would work together to create and maintain a system. This new trend is what is referred to as System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and is what was adopted by the Jefferson County School. JCS abandoned their initial software in favor of SDLC to improve service delivery and also to reduce the cost of maintaining the system through cutting down on the number of system administrators/personnel. Though SDLC was thought of as the Magnus opus of the institution, the system turned out to be the opposite. In fact, the only advantages it had over the traditional system was that it was a bit faster and could support and process more informat ion. Aside from that, SDLC proved too complex for the normal users. This is despite the fact that the workers had been given two week training on the system prior to its use. It is worth noting that traditional systems were problem oriented, that is, once a problem is discovered a program is created to solve the problem. However, this is not the case with SDLC. Traditional systems allowed users to be in control of the problem solving process. SDLC on the other hand, are designed to be in control as they reduce the role of users to keying in specific instructions while the main instructions are specified during the development of the system.For instance, JCS personnel complained that the new system controlled everything to the point that it even rejected admitting students in classes with fewer students. Therefore, there were discrepancies in the number of students in each class, unlike in the previous system where everything was uniform. Due to its rigidity, SDLC model poses a serio us threat to a dynamic institution that constantly grows and changes. This is because remodeling, restructuring and recoding SDLC systems is hard and may take a long time, not putting into consideration the amount of money that would be used in the process. JCSS personnel were forced to adapt to this system due to the amount of money that the institution had put into the project.

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees Essay - 1

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees - Essay Example Financial crisis can be used to refer to economic; an economic crisis refers to a situation where the economy is unstable and thus the instability results to an economic recession or a depression. An economic recession results from economic shocks thus leading to real changes in the economy, in the case of financial crisis it may not necessarily result into an economic crisis. There has been many financial crisis with many of them resulting to economic recession to name but a few, the Mexican financial crisis which occurred in the mid 1990, the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990’s and the popular know global financial crisis in the late 2000’s that saw giant economies like the United experience negative economical growth (Akhigbe 1985). The Mexican financial crisis occurred in the mid 90’s and to be exact in late 1994 and 1995, scholars have argued that the devaluation of peso was mishandled thus resulting to the crisis. Mexico economy was growing at an aver age of 3.1% between the year 1989 and 1994, inflation rates were decline and 1993 there were a single digit after two decade of soar prices. This had made Mexico attractive to foreign investor thus making the capital inflows and foreign direct investment to spur the economy (Tuano, 2002). The economic growth achieved was halted by the decision to devalue Peso in December 1994 was not attractive to the foreign investors, thus there no more capital inflows and this was the commencement of what was later came to be known as the great Mexican Peso crisis. In addition to devaluation weak regulators systems as contributed to the crisis, after the foreign investor pulled out the Mexican government did not measures in place that could avoid depletion of foreign reserves or reverse the imported created demand thus resulting into a crisis (Muller, 2011). The Mexican crisis left employees vulnerable to high prices due to imported created inflation, these de-motivated employees as used much of their to cover bills and purchase basic commodities. Although manufactures could not request employees for a wage cut as suggested by many classical economist due wage rigidity, the employers resulted to layoffs so as reduce the monthly bills or closing. In some cases employers had closed down manufacturing plant as demand for their products was low, thus this led to many workers dream being shut down. The Mexican crisis was closely followed by the Asian financial crisis which can be contrasted to the earlier currency crisis to the crisis that had the most severe to Asian countries to name but a few Thailand and Philippines. The Asian financial crisis resulted to the main reasons as outlined below, shortage in foreign reserves, wrong replenishment measures by the International Monetary Fund and in adequate financial institutions. Similar to the Mexico the Asian counties before the crisis the countries experienced high capital inflows but unlike in Mexican cases foreign investors wit hdrew from Asia at some extent due to panic and contagion (Age?nor, 2006). Asian crisis also affected on employees, for example, in Philippines one of immediate reaction by companies operating in the region was to cut down cost of production thus resulting to down sizing of the workforce or even at worst level closing down. According to the

Did The Peace Movement Really Help End The Vietnam War Essay

Did The Peace Movement Really Help End The Vietnam War - Essay Example Johnson is among the most unpopular United States president of all times. Diplomacy in a democratic country is believed to be a key driver for peace initiatives and unity. Following such notion, it would be rightful to assert that indeed, the Peace Movement truly helped end the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War is also known in history books as the Vietnam Conflict or the Second Indochina War that started in the later part of the 1950s. It was a war fought between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which is North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam, which is South Vietnam1. Truly, Vietnam War was nothing more but an internal conflict between power strugglers in a nation, which just won its independence from its colonizers ( in its case France). Other nations got involved when North Vietnam had the support of socialist country of Soviet Union and the communist China. The involvement of communist and socialist nations in the war prompted the involvement of the pro-democratic Western nations. Thus, the United States got involved in the war that should have been fought in the local front. President Dwight D Eisenhower was then the US president when the country decided to show off its power against the non-democratic forces. Vietnam War was seen by analysts and historians as a perfect venue where the United States could show to the world how democracy could rule the world and how it could easily defeat the hard and authoritative ways of the socialists and the communists1. The US' involvement in the Vietnam War was also the main focus of the government of the popular and assassinated president of the United States, John F. Kennedy. Initially, Mr Kennedy's intention was only to provide Vietnamese troops assistance through trainings. He also wanted to battle out the threat of communism and socialism to countries especially in the east. Mr. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. But the involvement of the United States to the Vietnam War went on until the entire duration of President Lyndon B. Johnson's term, which ran from 1963 to 1969. It was during this period that numerous protests and activist movements were staged throughout the country. The citizens of the United States then created a model that would eventually become the framework of other anti-war and peaceful protests not just in the country but also in the whole world2. The so-called Peace Movement in the United States was a clear and loud opposition to the government's firm stand to support South Vietnam on its fight to win and rule over the whole Vietnam. The Peace Movement was a series of protest rallies, demonstrations and mass assemblies that, for the first time in world history, involved Americans from all walks of life. The anti-war movement actually consisted of college students, middle-class citizens, labor unions and government institutions. The Peace Movement gained its prominence in 1965, then peaked and became mostly hyped and controversial in 1968. Encompassing political, racial, and cultural spheres, the anti-war Peace Movement exposed a deep schism within the American society during that time1. It was noted, moreover, that the Peace Movement also made way for several opposing groups to take a consensus for once